P1. The Priesthood of Israel & of Believers in Yeshua. [Make a Comment]
The Jewish people (Israel) are to embrace being a kingdom of priests in order to bring blessing to the Gentile nations of the world. Jews & Gentiles both are called to join in a New Covenant "Priesthood of Believers" that consists of all disciples of Yeshua, and that is connected to the first priesthood - the priesthood of Israel.
This precept is derived from His Word (blessed be He):
Key Scriptures
ALL NATIONS TO BE BLESSED THROUGH ABRAHAM
Genesis 12:1-3
ADONAI said to Avram, 'Get yourself out of your country, away from your
kinsmen and away from your father's house, and go to the land that I
will show you. I will make of you a great nation, I will bless you, and I
will make your name great; and you are to be a blessing. I will bless those
who bless you, but I will curse anyone who curses you; and by you all the
families of the earth will be blessed.'
Galatians 3:8-9
Also the Tanakh, foreseeing that God would consider the Gentiles righteous
when they live by trusting and being faithful, told the Good News to Avraham
in advance by saying, 'In connection with you, all the Goyim will be
blessed.' So then, those who rely on trusting and being faithful are
blessed along with Avraham, who trusted and was faithful.
ABRAHAM TO BE THE FATHER (& SARAH MOTHER) OF MANY NATIONS
Genesis 17:3-7
Avram fell on his face, and God continued speaking with him: 'As for
me, this is my covenant with you: you will be the father of many nations.
Your name will no longer be Avram [exalted father], but your name will be
Avraham [father of many], because I have made you the father of many
nations. I will cause you to be very fruitful. I will make nations of you,
kings will descend from you. I am establishing my covenant between me and
you, along with your descendants after you, generation after generation, as
an everlasting covenant, to be God for you and for your descendants after
you.
Genesis 17:15-16
God said to Avraham, 'As for Sarai your wife, you are not to call her
Sarai [mockery]; her name is to be Sarah [princess]. I will bless her;
moreover, I will give you a son by her. Truly I will bless her: she will be
a mother of nations; kings of peoples will come from her.'
ALL NATIONS TO BE BLESSED THROUGH ABRAHAM'S DESCENDANTS
Genesis 22:16-18
The angel of ADONAI called to Avraham a second time out of heaven. He said,
'I have sworn by myself - says ADONAI - that because you have done
this, because you haven't withheld your son, your only son, I will most
certainly bless you; and I will most certainly increase your descendants to
as many as there are stars in the sky or grains of sand on the seashore.
Your descendants will possess the cities of their enemies, and by your
descendants all the nations of the earth will be blessed - because you
obeyed my order.'
(See also, Genesis 26:1-5)
THE COVENANT MADE WITH ABRAHAM CONVEYED THROUGH ISAAC & JACOB
Genesis 17:19 and 21
God answered, 'No, but Sarah your wife will bear you a son, and you
are to call him Yitz'chak [laughter]. I will establish my covenant with
him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him. But I will
establish my covenant with Yitz'chak, whom Sarah will bear to you at
this time next year.'
Genesis 28:10-14
Ya'akov went out from Be'er-Sheva and traveled toward Haran. He
came to a certain place and stayed the night there, because the sun had set.
He took a stone from the place, put it under his head and lay down there to
sleep. He dreamt that there before him was a ladder resting on the ground
with its top reaching to heaven, and the angels of ADONAI were going up and
down on it. Then suddenly ADONAI was standing there next to him; and he
said, 'I am ADONAI, the God of Avraham your [grand]father and the God
of Yitz'chak. The land on which you are lying I will give to you and to
your descendants. Your descendants will be as numerous as the grains of
dust on the earth. You will expand to the west and to the east, to the north
and to the south. By you and your descendants all the families of the earth
will be blessed.'
Genesis 35:10-12
God said to him, 'Your name is Ya'akov, but you will be called
Ya'akov no longer; your name will be Isra'el.' Thus he named
him Isra'el. God further said to him, 'I am El Shaddai. Be
fruitful and multiply. A nation, indeed a group of nations, will come from
you; kings will be descended from you. Moreover, the land which I gave to
Avraham and Yitz'chak I will give to you, and I will give the land to
your descendants after you.'
ISRAEL TO BE A KINGDOM OF PRIESTS & A NATION SET APART
Exodus 19:3-6
Moshe went up to God, and ADONAI called to him from the mountain: 'Here
is what you are to say to the household of Ya'akov, to tell the people
of Isra'el: 'You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I
carried you on eagles' wings and brought you to myself. Now if you
will pay careful attention to what I say and keep my covenant, then you will
be my own treasure from among all the peoples, for all the earth is mine;
and you will be a kingdom of cohanim for me, a nation set apart.' These
are the words you are to speak to the people of Isra'el.'
A NEW COVENANT TO BE GIVEN TO ISRAEL (PROPHESIED)
Jeremiah 31:30-33(31-34)
'Here, the days are coming,' says ADONAI, 'when I will make a
new covenant with the house of Isra'el and with the house of
Y'hudah. It will not be like the covenant I made with their fathers on
the day I took them by their hand and brought them out of the land of Egypt;
because they, for their part, violated my covenant, even though I, for my
part, was a husband to them,' says ADONAI. 'For this is the
covenant I will make with the house of Isra'el after those days,'
says ADONAI: 'I will put my Torah within them and write it on their
hearts; I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will any
of them teach his fellow community member or his brother, 'Know
ADONAI'; for all will know me, from the least of them to the greatest;
because I will forgive their wickednesses and remember their sins no
more.'
GENTILES & GENTILE NATIONS TO SEEK GOD IN JERUSALEM & ASK LEADERSHIP FROM THE JEWISH PEOPLE (PROPHESIED)
Zechariah 8:20-23
ADONAI-Tzva'ot says, 'In the future, peoples and inhabitants of
many cities will come; the inhabitants of one city will travel to another
and say, 'We must go to ask ADONAI's favor and consult
ADONAI-Tzva'ot. I'll go too.' Yes, many peoples and powerful
nations will come to consult ADONAI-Tzva'ot in Yerushalayim and to ask
ADONAI's favor.' ADONAI-Tzva'ot says, 'When that time
comes, ten men will take hold - speaking all the languages of the nations -
will grab hold of the cloak of a Jew and say, 'We want to go with you,
because we have heard that God is with you.''
JEWISH FOLLOWERS OF YESHUA INSTRUCTED TO MAKE DISCIPLES IN ALL THE NATIONS
Matthew 28:16-20
So the eleven talmidim went to the hill in the Galil where Yeshua had told
them to go. When they saw him, they prostrated themselves before him; but
some hesitated. Yeshua came and talked with them. He said, 'All
authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore, go and
make people from all nations into talmidim, immersing them into the reality
of the Father, the Son and the Ruach HaKodesh, and teaching them to obey
everything that I have commanded you. And remember! I will be with you
always, yes, even until the end of the age.'
(See also, Mark 16:15-16; Luke 24:44-52; John 20:21;
Acts 1:8) (See Mark 6:7-13 and Luke 10:1-3 for their
being sent out in pairs)
SALVATION & REWARD (BUT ALSO REBUKE & PUNISHMENT) TO THE JEW FIRST, BUT EQUALLY TO THE GENTILE
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the Good News, since it is God's powerful means
of bringing salvation to everyone who keeps on trusting, to the Jew
especially, but equally to the Gentile.
Romans 2:9-11
Yes, he will pay back misery and anguish to every human being who does evil,
to the Jew first, then to the Gentile; but glory and honor and shalom to
everyone who keeps doing what is good, to the Jew first, then to the
Gentile. For God does not show favoritism.
TO THE JEWS WERE GIVEN THE SH'KHINAH, THE COVENANTS, THE TORAH, THE TEMPLE, THE PHYSICAL DESCENT OF MESSIAH, & GOD'S TRUST IN PRESERVING HIS WORDS
Romans 3:1-2
Then what advantage has the Jew? What is the value of being circumcised?
Much in every way! In the first place, the Jews were entrusted with the very
words of God.
Romans 9:4-5
They were made God's children, the Sh'khinah has been with them,
the covenants are theirs, likewise the giving of the Torah, the Temple
service and the promises; the Patriarchs are theirs; and from them, as far
as his physical descent is concerned, came the Messiah, who is over all.
Praised be ADONAI for ever! Amen.
(see also, John 4:22)
JEWISH & GENTILE BELIEVERS IN YESHUA LIKENED UNTO BRANCHES ON A JEWISH-OWNED OLIVE TREE
Romans 11:16-24
Now if the hallah offered as firstfruits is holy, so is the whole loaf. And
if the root is holy, so are the branches. But if some of the branches were
broken off, and you - a wild olive - were grafted in among them and have
become equal sharers in the rich root of the olive tree, then don't
boast as if you were better than the branches! However, if you do boast,
remember that you are not supporting the root, the root is supporting you.
So you will say, 'Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted
in.' True, but so what? They were broken off because of their lack of
trust. However, you keep your place only because of your trust. So
don't be arrogant; on the contrary, be terrified! For if God did not
spare the natural branches, he certainly won't spare you! So take a
good look at God's kindness and his severity: on the one hand, severity
toward those who fell off; but, on the other hand, God's kindness
toward you - provided you maintain yourself in that kindness! Otherwise, you
too will be cut off! Moreover, the others, if they do not persist in their
lack of trust, will be grafted in; because God is able to graft them back
in. For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree and
grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more
will these natural branches be grafted back into their own olive tree!
GENTILE BELIEVERS IN YESHUA BROUGHT NEAR TO GOD, CONNECTED TO THE COVENANTS, & MADE CITIZENS IN A COMMONWEALTH OF ISRAEL ALONGSIDE THEIR JEWISH BRETHREN
Ephesians 2:11-22
Therefore remember your former state: you Gentiles by birth - called the
Uncircumcised by those who, merely because of an operation on their flesh,
are called the Circumcised - at that time had no Messiah. You were estranged
from the national life [NKJ: "Commonwealth"] of Isra'el. You were
foreigners to the covenants embodying God's promise. You were in this
world without hope and without God. But now, you who were once far off have
been brought near through the shedding of the Messiah's blood. For he
himself is our shalom - he has made us both one and has broken down the
m'chitzah which divided us by destroying in his own body the enmity
occasioned by the Torah, with its commands set forth in the form of
ordinances. He did this in order to create in union with himself from the
two groups a single new humanity and thus make shalom, and in order to
reconcile to God both in a single body by being executed on a stake as a
criminal and thus in himself killing that enmity. Also, when he came, he
announced as Good News shalom to you far off and shalom to those nearby,
news that through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father. So
then, you are no longer foreigners and strangers. On the contrary, you are
fellow-citizens with God's people and members of God's family.
You have been built on the foundation of the emissaries and the prophets,
with the cornerstone being Yeshua the Messiah himself. In union with him
the whole building is held together, and it is growing into a holy temple in
union with the Lord. Yes, in union with him, you yourselves are being built
together into a spiritual dwelling-place for God!
JEWISH & GENTILE BELIEVERS IN YESHUA TOGETHER MADE PRIESTS & A HOLY NATION TO OFFER SPIRITUAL SACRIFICES THROUGTH MESSIAH YESHUA. ONCE NOT A PEOPLE, BUT NOW AN ENLIGHTENED PEOPLE OF GOD.
1 Peter 2:4-5, 9-10
As you come to him, the living stone, rejected by people but chosen by God
and precious to him, you yourselves, as living stones, are being built into
a spiritual house to be cohanim set apart for God to offer spiritual
sacrifices acceptable to him through Yeshua the Messiah. But you are a
chosen people, the King's cohanim, a holy nation, a people for God to
possess! Why? In order for you to declare the praises of the One who called
you out of darkness into his wonderful light. Once you were not a people,
but now you are God's people; before, you had not received mercy, but
now you have received mercy.
Revelation 1:4-6
From: Yochanan
To: The seven Messianic communities in the province of Asia: Grace and
shalom to you from the One who is, who was and who is coming; from the
sevenfold Spirit before his throne; and from Yeshua the Messiah, the
faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead and the ruler of the
earth's kings. To him, the one who loves us, who has freed us from our
sins at the cost of his blood, who has caused us to be a kingdom, that is,
cohanim for God, his Father - to him be the glory and the rulership forever
and ever. Amen.
YESHUA OUR ETERNAL HIGH PRIEST, COMPARABLE TO MALKI-TZEDEK
Hebrews 7:17-8:5
For it is stated, 'You are a cohen FOREVER, to be compared with
Malki-Tzedek.' Thus, on the one hand, the earlier rule is set aside
because of its weakness and inefficacy (for the Torah did not bring anything
to the goal); and, on the other hand, a hope of something better is
introduced, through which we are drawing near to God. What is more, God
swore an oath. For no oath was sworn in connection with those who become
cohanim now; but Yeshua became a cohen by the oath which God swore when he
said to him, 'ADONAI has sworn and will not change his mind, 'You
are a cohen forever.'' Also this shows how much better is the
covenant of which Yeshua has become guarantor. Moreover, the present
cohanim are many in number, because they are prevented by death from
continuing in office. But because he lives forever, his position as cohen
does not pass on to someone else; and consequently, he is totally able to
deliver those who approach God through him; since he is alive forever and
thus forever able to intercede on their behalf. This is the kind of cohen
gadol that meets our need - holy, without evil, without stain, set apart
from sinners and raised higher than the heavens; one who does not have the
daily necessity, like the other cohanim g'dolim, of offering up
sacrifices first for their own sins and only then for those of the people;
because he offered one sacrifice, once and for all, by offering up himself.
For the Torah appoints as cohanim g'dolim men who have weakness; but
the text which speaks about the swearing of the oath, a text written later
than the Torah, appoints a Son who has been brought to the goal forever.
Here is the whole point of what we have been saying: we do have just such a
cohen gadol as has been described. And he does sit at the right hand of
HaG'dulah in heaven. There he serves in the Holy Place, that is, in
the true Tent of Meeting, the one erected not by human beings but by ADONAI.
For every cohen gadol is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices; so
this cohen gadol too has to have something he can offer. Now if he were on
earth, he wouldn't be a cohen at all, since there already are cohanim
offering the gifts required by the Torah. But what they are serving is only
a copy and shadow of the heavenly original; for when Moshe was about to
erect the Tent, God warned him, 'See to it that you make everything
according to the pattern you were shown on the mountain.'
(see also Hebrews 3:1-2, 4:14-15, 5:4-6, 6:19-20, 9:6-12, 24-26,
10:19-23)
YESHUA OUR HIGH PRIEST SACRIFICED FOR OUR SINS. A NEW COVENANT MADE WITH ISRAEL THAT IS SUPERIOR TO THE MOSAIC COVENANT WHICH IS GROWING OLD & IS ON ITS WAY TO VANISHING
Hebrews 8:6-13
But now the work Yeshua has been given to do is far superior to theirs, just
as the covenant he mediates is better. For this covenant has been given as
Torah on the basis of better promises. Indeed, if the first covenant had
not given ground for faultfinding, there would have been no need for a
second one. For God does find fault with the people when he says,
''See! The days are coming,' says ADONAI, 'when I will
establish over the house of Isra'el and over the house of Y'hudah
a new covenant. It will not be like the covenant which I made with their
fathers on the day when I took them by their hand and led them forth out of
the land of Egypt; because they, for their part, did not remain faithful to
my covenant; so I, for my part, stopped concerning myself with them,'
says ADONAI. 'For this is the covenant which I will make with the
house of Isra'el after those days,' says ADONAI: 'I will put
my Torah in their minds and write it on their hearts; I will be their God,
and they will be my people. None of them will teach his fellow-citizen or
his brother, saying, 'Know ADONAI!' For all will know me, from the
least of them to the greatest, because I will be merciful toward their
wickednesses and remember their sins no more.'' By using the
term, 'new', he has made the first covenant 'old'; and
something being made old, something in the process of aging, is on its way
to vanishing altogether.
Commentary
This Mitzvah is formulated from Scriptures distributed throughout the Bible that describe, in detail, how God made Israel (i.e. the Jewish People) into a "Kingdom of Priests", and later created a New Covenant priesthood with followers of Yeshua joined to Israel in a "Commonwealth" that conists of both Jews and Gentiles.
Israel's calling to be a Kingdom of Priests was imparted to it by God (through Abraham and later through Moses), so all Jews (regardless of their belief in Messiah) are members of a priestly people. That notwithstanding, in the New Covenant, only those Jews who believe in Yeshua, i.e. who are "born of the Spirit" and consequently reside as branches on the Romans 11:16ff olive tree (a tree that belongs to the Jews), can function in their full power as New Covenant priests; Jews who do not believe in Yeshua have priestly potential and a continued degree of priestly effectiveness, but they cannot serve as true New Covenant priests until they come to faith in Yeshua.
When Gentiles come to faith, they become grafted into the aforesaid olive tree and join their Jewish brethren there as co-priests. Although they (the Gentiles) do not become Jews by virtue of their having been grafted in, the priesthood they become joined to (sometimes referred to as the "Priesthood of Believers") is fundamentally a Jewish priesthood. Yet, the Bible makes it clear that the Jews in this Priesthood retain their Jewish identities and Jewish covenantal responsibilities.
The origin of all of this goes back to Genesis 12:1-3, where God gave Avram a covenant whereby through him "all the families of the earth would be blessed." Avram's name was later changed to Avraham (Abraham) and, over several Genesis chapters, we read that God promised that he would become "the father of many nations", that his wife Sarai (whose name was changed to Sarah) would bear him a son, and that, through Abraham's descendants, "all the nations of the earth would be blessed." (Genesis 17:3-7, 15-21, 22:10-18, 26:1-5, & 28:10-14).
The Priestly Covenant given to Abraham was transmitted through Isaac and later Jacob (Genesis 17:3-7, 26:3-4, 27:29, 28:12-14, & 35:10-12), and was declared by God (at Mt. Sinai) to the entire Nation of Israel by His words:
... you will be a kingdom of cohanim [priests] for me, a nation set apart (Exodus 19:3-6)
The Tribe of Levi was set apart from the rest of Israel to serve God in the Tabernacle (later the Temple), and Aaron and his sons were further set apart to serve as priests. This became known as the Levitical Priesthood in the "Order of Aaron" because Aaron was its first High Priest. It was the functioning priesthood for its time, and the shadow of a heavenly priesthood (later to be revealed) in which Yeshua the Messiah would be High Priest in the Order of Malki-Tzedek (Hebrews 3:1-2, 4:14-15, 5:4-6, 6:19-20, 7:17-8:13, 9:6-12, 24-26, & 10:19-23). Levites and Levitical cohanim (known descendants of Levi and Aaron) continue to have functions and responsibilities in the synagogues and Jewish Communities of today. These include performing special duties in the Torah service, pronouncing blessings over the synagogue assembly, officiating at Pidyon HaBenim, and several others.
From the time of Abraham to the present time, all the covenants that God made were with the Jewish people, and the priesthoods related to them were Jewish-based priesthoods. The Law given at Mt. Sinai that created and defined the Levitical Priesthood did not allow Gentiles and non-Levitical Jews to perform priestly services in the Temple, but the New Covenant opened the way for both to become priests by joining themselves to the Romans 11 "Jewish" olive tree through faith in the "Jewish" Messiah Yeshua.
Just as the Levitical priests had duties related to the Temple's animal sacrifices, New Covenant priests have duties related to the sacrificed "lamb of God" Yeshua. In Matthew 28:16-20 and parallel Scriptures, we read that Yeshua directed His disciples (all Jews) to
go and make people from all nations into talmidim (disciples), immersing them into the reality of the Father, the Son and the Ruach HaKodesh, and teaching them to obey everything [they had been commanded].
This commandment to preach the "Good News" of Yeshua to the utmost ends of the earth (commonly referred to as the "Great Commission") is the main priestly duty of the "Yeshua Priesthood of Believers". It is the New Covenant counterpart of Temple service but, unlike Temple service, it is open to (in fact it is required of) all disciples of Yeshua, whether they be Jews or Gentiles.
Finally, according to Romans 1:16, 2:9-11, "Great Commission" ministry must be:
... to the Jew first and then to the Gentile.
This is not because God prefers Jews over Gentiles, but because Jews were made by God to be His foundational kingdom of priests (Exodus 19:3-6) who must become spiritually capable to where they are able to support the "Priesthood of Believers" and bring God's blessings to the Gentile nations of the world (Genesis 22:16-18). This is the same principle of priestly preparation that we read about in Leviticus 16:3-6, where Aaron the High Priest was required to perform a sacrifice for himself and his family before he could act as a priest for others on Yom Kippur.
Classical Commentators
None of the classical commentators (Maimonides, Meir, nor HaChinuch) include, among their mitzvot, any obligation for Levites to perform priestly duties outside of the Temple, except those connected to health and blessing the Jewish People.
NCLA: JMm JFm KMm KFm; GMm & GFm (disciples of Yeshua only)